There are issues with monocultures since they are not natural. Symbiotic communities are better in many ways. What are some communities of algae that would be beneficial? Say for Botryococcus or another high oil green algae. What would be the best kinds of cyanobacteria, diatoms, or purple bacteria for a botryococcus dominated community? I would like to know of different examples for the maximum production of each hydrogen, oil, and carbohydrates, as well as the best community for producing all of these compounds together as well as the natural release of these compounds. Also what cold climate species can coexist with B.B and take over when conditions are unfavorable to BB?
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In general, monocultures are more convenient for industrial production that communities or mixed cultures. Monocultures are easily controlled, there are not competence and bioprocess can be standarized. Then, there are not one single specie that can be useful for all biofuels production. Cyanobacteria possess special features for biodiesel production, blue-green microalgae for bioethanol production and purpure microalgae for biohydrogen production. So that, you must select one microalgae specie to produce one biofuel. However, you can also take advantage of other components of algae biomass to produce ethanol (from starch) and biogas (by anaerobic digestion of organic matter and water waste). Finally, the most recomendable is to develop one controlled environment to standarize growing culture conditions and to enhance and increase production.
Thanks for the reply. Im confused by this sentence. "there are not competence and bioprocess can be standarized."
And " Then, there are not one single specie that can be useful for all biofuels production."
To my knowledge monocultures have several drawbacks opposed to communities such as crashes from temp, competition, algae waste buildup, nutrient and light deficiency, and the energy and nutrient requirements are higher. In a mixed community, the smbyotic environment provides the natural self sustaining ecosystem that can be manipulated to isolate and magnify the optimal conditions for each stage in growth of each species based on desired products. Im not using a convetional growth system. I'm using a modular tribrid system that does this. I just need to start collecting strains. As far as products go, the growth method facilitates the continuous live harvest of oils, hydrogen, carbs or the kill harvest of cellulose and biomass. There is both concentrated biomass and circulating culture that continuously feed off one another and harvested. I have harvesting methods for both circulating and condensed cultures. I'm using floatation, filtration, fermentation, electromagnetism, electrolysis, ultrasonics, evaporation, condensation, secretion, heterotrophic, phototrophoic, mixotrophic feeding for cyclical growth, isolation, and harvest. The required processing equipment for each desired product from the harvested components is based on each need of the grower. The unwanted byproducts are recycled. All of processing harvesting and growth waste can be used for energy to the run the system and feed the algae. Algae waste is consumed by bacteria in exchange for co2 and other nutrients. Diatoms can consume their own remains as a source of silca dioxide which allows them to live sustainably in the presence of bacteria. Any extra input from the environment becomes growth and reproduction ie profit. There is no growth waste to collect or clean. Each alga enter into the controlled condition that best suites its maturation point. There may be several different controlled conditions for each maturation point of each microbe and several harvesting methods for each condition. Energy conversion waste and byproducts are recycled back into the overall system in several ways for each process. The system is designed to isolate different microbes at different stages that once harvested, reenter the community to benefit from the symbiotic relationships that require much less energy input and feedstock. Large scale algae is not going to help us as much as small scale localized and personalized use. Modularity is key.
Effectively, there are three cases on that mixed cultures resulting more convenient than single cultures. You mentioned two: symbiosis and mutualism; the third is cooperativism. Usually relationship between species are of competence, such as parasitism or predation; at least of commensalism. One interesting case is relationship between microalgaes (green microalgae) and photosynthetic bacteria on the hydrogen biophotolitic production; microalgaes provides to photosynthetic bacterias organic acids that serve them as substrate for hydrogen production. But apart from the clarification, I see that have a very iteresting bioprocess, I want to know more about this, please send me to that you consider pertinent. You are wellcome... Reinhardt Acuña Torres (bioreactor).
Thanks. I will send you the abstract soon. I still have a question though. When you say competence, do you mean competition? Or are you referring to the uptake of DNA? I'm not well versed on this but does this mean that bacteria can kill microalgae or does it just mean that bacteria can uptake dna from cellular waste? And if this is a problem can you help me to understand how the "paradox of plankton" works? Also, in regards to brotryococcus, I am aware that they are very dominant in oligotrophic regions as well as tropical and temporate and that where nutrients are high they can release compounds that are toxic to most other species of microbes. This gives them dependable but can you think of a bluegreen algae(cyanobacteria) which is said to have good oil producing qualities that can exist symbiotically with brotryococcus? I am told also that botryococcus can exctrete oil in a dense biomass in the presense of a certain bacteria but I don't what kinds can be manipulated naturally to cause botryococcus to secrete the oil without consuming it. I am looking at diatoms and bacterias as well to mix. Then I want to grow a self sustaining dense biomass that is continuously harvested and continuously stocked by a circulating culture of new microbes , nutrients and harvested algae cells. Certain physical traits are used to continuously collect and isolate each microb for the bioconcentration and bioamplification of the energy content in its biomass. The continuous flow environment frees up the water from the larger, ripe, light blocking, and nutrient cosnuming microbes for the smaller and more immature microbes to flourish and grow. The ripe microbs are taken out of circulation into a separate condition (fun part) for maximum production of the desired compound/s. Hydrogen can be harvested continuously without affecting growth, reproduction or lipid concentration of the algae. What are some ways you know of?
Yes I referring to competition between species, DNA uptake is related to horizontal genes transfer between bacterias or similar species; there are a link that explain it http://openwetware.org/wiki/User:Jen17. The paradox of the plankton is the name given to the situation where a limited range of resources (light, nutrients) supports a much wider range of planktonic organisms: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_the_plankton. In this web page you can meet important information about algae research; these links will be interesting for you: http://www.researchalgae.com/cultivation/environmental-application-of-microalgae.html ; http://www.researchalgae.com/basic/microalgae-cultivation-conditions-and-their-effects-on-microalgae-oil-production.html ; http://www.researchalgae.com/microalgae-biofuel/strategy-to-enhance-microalgae-lipid-content.html ; http://www.researchalgae.com/basic/hydrogen-from-microalgae.html ; http://www.researchalgae.com/basic/botryococcus-braunii-microalgae-rich-in-hydrocarbon.html. Regards, Reinhardt.